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Materials

Fibres, properties and limitations. The starting point for the right cord specification.

Materials in our products

Composition, twist and construction together determine how the product performs in your process.

Find a product
CottonNatural cellulose fibreIn our range

A natural cellulose fibre for processes where non-melting behaviour and a confirmed food-contact or useful-heat variant matter.

Moisture uptake
High
Melting
Does not melt
Heat
Oven or smoking use after variant confirmation

Cotton does not melt, but it is not fire resistant.

Applications

  • oven and smoking processes when the exact variant is confirmed
  • butcher's cords
  • kitchen processes
  • natural appearance
  • candle wicks after burn testing

Limitations

  • direct flame as a fire-resistance requirement
  • wet applications requiring low moisture uptake
  • certified electrical insulation

Related products

Full properties and application conditions
Heat behaviour
Oven or smoking use after variant confirmation
Flame
Does not melt; chars and may burn
Melting
no thermoplastic melting point
Degradation and charring
decomposition and charring depend on variety, treatment, atmosphere and heating rate; they are not a product service temperature
Moisture uptake
High
Wet strength
May improve; construction-dependent
Oven and smoking use
Yes, after variant confirmation
Candle wick
Yes, after burn testing
Electrical properties
Generally a poorly conducting textile fibre. Behaviour depends on moisture, construction and test conditions; the product is not a certified electrical insulator.

Conditions and warnings

  • Useful-heat suitability applies only to a variant confirmed for the process.
  • Food and candle uses require variant-specific documentation and testing.
Source data and research

These data describe the material, not a finished cord. Publication titles remain in their original language.

Non-thermoplastic degradation and charring

Cotton does not have a thermoplastic melting point. It decomposes, chars and can burn; treatment and fibre history materially change the thermal pathway.

Material-level hazard screening only. Do not convert decomposition data into a continuous-use temperature for a Malkop product.

Literature data · Source verified

Thermal properties and decomposition products of modified cotton fibers by TGA, DSC, and Py-GC/MSUniversity of Turin and collaborators

Wet tenacity change in cited fibre sample

+27.6% for the cited cotton fibre sample. The paper's yarn results vary with yarn count and structure, so this value is not universal for yarn or cord.

Fibre-level directional evidence. Test the exact yarn, cord, knot and conditioning state.

Literature data · Source verified

Tensile characteristics of yarns in wet conditionDepartment of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

Cellulosic response to flame

Cellulosic textiles can char, flame and continue glowing. Non-melting does not mean flame resistant.

Hazard communication only; not a classification of a Malkop product.

Literature data · Source verified

Fire Investigation HandbookNational Institute of Standards and Technology
LinenNatural cellulose fibreIn our range

A strong natural fibre with a stiffer handle. It does not melt, but may char and burn in a flame.

Moisture uptake
High
Melting
Does not melt
Heat
Oven or smoking use after variant confirmation

Linen does not melt, but it is not fire resistant.

Applications

  • natural technical cords
  • premium packaging
  • applications requiring a stiffer handle
  • process uses after variant confirmation

Limitations

  • direct flame
  • certified fire resistance
  • certified electrical insulation

Related products

Full properties and application conditions
Heat behaviour
Oven or smoking use after variant confirmation
Flame
Does not melt; chars and may burn
Melting
no thermoplastic melting point
Degradation and charring
cellulosic fibre; chars at elevated temperature
Moisture uptake
High
Wet strength
May improve; construction-dependent
Oven and smoking use
Yes, after variant confirmation
Candle wick
Possible after testing
Electrical properties
Generally a poorly conducting textile fibre. Behaviour depends on moisture, construction and test conditions; the product is not a certified electrical insulator.

Conditions and warnings

  • Food-contact and temperature applications require variant testing.
Source data and research

These data describe the material, not a finished cord. Publication titles remain in their original language.

Humidity sensitivity and property variability

Flax properties vary with fibre source, processing, geometry and relative humidity. High humidity can reduce tensile performance in some conditions.

Supports lot control and wet/dry product testing. It does not define one universal linen-cord value.

Literature data · Source verified

Flax fibre and its composites - A reviewUniversity of Auckland

Cellulosic response to flame

Linen is cellulosic: it does not thermoplastically melt, but it can char and burn. It is not inherently fire resistant.

Hazard communication only; not a classification of a Malkop product.

Literature data · Source verified

Fire Investigation HandbookNational Institute of Standards and Technology
Polyester PETSynthetic fibreIn our range

A low-moisture thermoplastic fibre for wet and technical uses away from oven heat and flame.

Moisture uptake
Low
Melting
Melts
Heat
Moderate heat; variant test

Polyester can soften and melt at elevated temperature.

Applications

  • wet environments
  • technical applications
  • dimensional stability
  • reinforcing blends

Limitations

  • oven use
  • smoking
  • direct heat
  • candles and wicks
  • flame contact

Related products

Full properties and application conditions
Heat behaviour
Moderate heat; variant test
Flame
Melts and may drip
Melting
the cited PET samples showed a melting peak of about 255-259 C; this is not an allowable cord service temperature
Degradation and charring
may soften, melt and burn at elevated temperature
Moisture uptake
Low
Wet strength
Generally stable; confirm the variant
Oven and smoking use
No
Candle wick
No
Electrical properties
Polyester has low moisture uptake and usually retains properties better in wet conditions, but the product is not a certified electrical insulator.

Conditions and warnings

  • Melting temperature is not a service-temperature limit; time, load, moisture, crystallinity and construction all matter.
  • Do not recommend it for wicks, oven use or smoking.
Source data and research

These data describe the material, not a finished cord. Publication titles remain in their original language.

PET melting peak in cited DSC samples

Approximately 255-259 C peak melting temperature in the cited PET fabric samples. This is not a safe working-temperature limit.

Material identification and hazard context only. Service temperature must come from finished-product testing under load and exposure time.

Literature data · Source verified

Screening, Identification, and Degradation Mechanism of Polyester Fiber-Degrading BacteriaSchool of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University

Combined humidity and temperature degradation

PET hydrolytic degradation depends on temperature, humidity, crystallinity and molecular orientation; low moisture regain alone is not sufficient evidence for hot-wet service.

Use to trigger a steam or hot-wet product test, not to approve a variant.

Literature data · Source verified

Hydrolytic and thermal degradation of PET fibers and PET granuleIsfahan University of Technology

Thermoplastic response to heat and flame

Polyester can shrink, melt and drip under flame exposure. The exact behaviour depends on construction and additives.

Hazard communication only; not a classification of a Malkop product.

Literature data · Source verified

Fire Investigation HandbookNational Institute of Standards and Technology
Cotton / PET BlendFibre blendOn request

A profile governed by the exact cotton/PET ratio. Composition, construction and finished variant must be assessed together.

Moisture uptake
Medium
Melting
Melts
Heat
Temperature test required

Do not calculate service temperature as an average of cotton and PET properties.

Applications

  • packaging
  • marking
  • auxiliary technical tying
  • wet environments after validation of the exact variant

Limitations

  • oven and smoking use without separate variant approval
  • candle wicks
  • direct flame
  • declared electrical insulation

Related products

Full properties and application conditions
Heat behaviour
Temperature test required
Flame
Melts and may drip
Melting
depends on the exact PET fraction and construction; it does not define a product service temperature
Degradation and charring
the cellulosic phase may char while the PET phase may soften or melt
Moisture uptake
Medium
Wet strength
Depends on composition and construction
Oven and smoking use
No
Candle wick
No
Electrical properties
Electrical behaviour depends on the exact blend ratio, moisture and finished construction; no electrical-insulation certification is provided.

Conditions and warnings

  • The exact blend ratio and finished variant require validation.
Source data and research

These data describe the material, not a finished cord. Publication titles remain in their original language.

Cotton / PET blend ratio

The exact cellulose/PET ratio must be identified for the product variant. Behaviour from one blend ratio must not be transferred to another ratio or construction.

Composition-control gate. Thermal, mechanical and food-contact conclusions still require finished-variant evidence.

Literature data · Source verified

ISO 1833-11:2017 Textiles - Quantitative chemical analysis - Part 11: Certain cellulose fibres with certain other fibresInternational Organization for Standardization

Mixed cellulose / thermoplastic response

The cotton phase can char and burn while the PET phase can shrink, soften, melt and drip. The finished response depends on ratio, yarn and construction.

Hazard communication only; not a fire classification or product service-temperature approval.

Literature data · Source verified

Fire Investigation HandbookNational Institute of Standards and Technology
Elastic coreElastomerIn our range

The functional Elasticord core for automatic tying. Chemistry and thermal behaviour require supplier data for the exact core.

Moisture uptake
Low
Melting
Core-dependent
Heat
No heat applications

The exact core chemistry and thermal behaviour require supplier data; no universal melting statement should be made.

Applications

  • Elasticord
  • automatic tying machines
  • bunching
  • product grouping
  • elastic fastening

Limitations

  • oven use
  • smoking
  • high temperature
  • candles
  • direct flame

Related products

Full properties and application conditions
Heat behaviour
No heat applications
Flame
Core degrades; supplier data required
Melting
Not established: exact core and cover chemistry required
Degradation and charring
Variant data required
Moisture uptake
Low
Wet strength
Depends on composition and construction
Oven and smoking use
No
Candle wick
No
Electrical properties
Do not treat it as electrical insulation. Behaviour depends on the cover yarn and finished construction.

Conditions and warnings

  • The elastic core is not intended for high-temperature use.
  • Automatic-machine use requires a trial on the target machine.
Source data and research

These data describe the material, not a finished cord. Publication titles remain in their original language.

Elasticord application and declared stretch

Malkop identifies Elasticord as an elastic rubber thread for automatic winding machines and declares stretch up to 90%; the definition and test method require confirmation for the ordered variant.

Commercial scope only. Confirm force, set, recovery, construction and method for the exact product.

Manufacturer or supplier data · Source verified

ElasticordMalkop

Finished Elasticord test-method gate

ASTM D2731 covers elastomeric yarn tests but excludes covered, wrapped and core-spun yarns from its published scope. A method for the finished Elasticord construction must therefore be agreed and validated.

Test-planning requirement; not a finished-product performance result.

Literature data · Source verified

ASTM D2731-21 Elastic properties of elastomeric yarnsASTM International
Material comparison

Fibre properties do not declare finished-cord performance. Working conditions are confirmed for the specific construction.

Material properties and availability
MaterialApplicationMoisture uptakeHeatFlameAvailability
Cottonoven and smoking processes when the exact variant is confirmedHighOven or smoking use after variant confirmationDoes not melt; chars and may burnIn our range
Linennatural technical cordsHighOven or smoking use after variant confirmationDoes not melt; chars and may burnIn our range
Polyester PETwet environmentsLowModerate heat; variant testMelts and may dripIn our range
Cotton / PET BlendpackagingMediumTemperature test requiredMelts and may dripOn request
Viscosesoft handleVery highTemperature test requiredDoes not melt; chars and may burnReference material
Hempnatural packagingHighTemperature test requiredDoes not melt; chars and may burnReference material
Jutenatural-look packagingVery highTemperature test requiredDoes not melt; chars and may burnReference material
Nylon referenceabrasion-resistant technical uses after confirming the exact polyamide gradeMediumTemperature test requiredMelts and may dripReference material
Elastic coreElasticordLowNo heat applicationsCore degrades; supplier data requiredIn our range

Other fibres

Reference profiles without a standard variant in the current MALKOP catalogue.

Viscose, hemp, jute and polyamide
ViscoseRegenerated cellulose fibreReference material

A regenerated cellulose fibre with very high moisture uptake and a possible loss of wet strength.

Moisture uptake
Very high
Melting
Does not melt
Heat
Temperature test required

Viscose may lose strength when wet.

Applications

  • soft handle
  • absorbency
  • uses that do not require high wet strength

Limitations

  • wet conditions requiring retained strength
  • high temperature
  • tying machines without trials
  • oven or smoking processes

No standard catalogue variant. Availability and manufacturing feasibility are assessed individually.

Full properties and application conditions
Heat behaviour
Temperature test required
Flame
Does not melt; chars and may burn
Melting
no conventional thermoplastic melting point
Degradation and charring
degrades and chars at elevated temperature
Moisture uptake
Very high
Wet strength
May decrease
Oven and smoking use
No
Candle wick
No
Electrical properties
Viscose absorbs substantial moisture; conductivity can increase when wet. It is not a certified electrical insulator.

Conditions and warnings

  • Do not recommend it automatically for high-temperature service.
Source data and research

These data describe the material, not a finished cord. Publication titles remain in their original language.

Wet tenacity change in cited fibre sample

-33.6% for the cited viscose fibre sample. The paper's yarn results vary with yarn count and structure; viscose can lose substantial strength when wet.

Fibre-level directional evidence. A product specification needs testing of the exact viscose yarn and construction.

Literature data · Source verified

Tensile characteristics of yarns in wet conditionDepartment of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
HempNatural cellulose fibreReference material

A natural bast fibre. Properties depend on origin, treatment and moisture; no standard Malkop variant is currently listed.

Moisture uptake
High
Melting
Does not melt
Heat
Temperature test required

No standard Malkop variant is listed in the current catalogue.

Applications

  • natural packaging
  • horticulture
  • decorative uses after variant qualification

Limitations

  • oven or smoking use without tests
  • wicks
  • direct flame
  • wet processes requiring stable properties

No standard catalogue variant. Availability and manufacturing feasibility are assessed individually.

Full properties and application conditions
Heat behaviour
Temperature test required
Flame
Does not melt; chars and may burn
Melting
no thermoplastic melting point
Degradation and charring
degradation depends on fibre composition, treatment and heating rate
Moisture uptake
High
Wet strength
May decrease
Oven and smoking use
No
Candle wick
No
Electrical properties
A hygroscopic fibre. Moisture and finishing affect electrical behaviour; the product is not a certified electrical insulator.

Conditions and warnings

  • Properties depend on fibre origin, treatment and moisture.
Source data and research

These data describe the material, not a finished cord. Publication titles remain in their original language.

Treatment-dependent thermal degradation

Hemp-fibre thermal degradation depends on cellulose structure, non-cellulosic constituents and chemical treatment. No universal service temperature follows from fibre TGA data.

Material screening only. Test the exact yarn, finish and cord construction under the intended exposure.

Literature data · Source verified

Composition, structure and thermal degradation of hemp cellulose after chemical treatmentsRMIT University

Cellulosic response to flame

Hemp is a cellulosic natural fibre: it does not thermoplastically melt, but it can char and burn. It is not inherently fire resistant.

Hazard communication only; not a classification of a Malkop product.

Literature data · Source verified

Fire Investigation HandbookNational Institute of Standards and Technology
JuteNatural cellulose fibreReference material

A hygroscopic lignocellulosic fibre for light natural-look uses after qualification of the exact variant.

Moisture uptake
Very high
Melting
Does not melt
Heat
Temperature test required

No standard Malkop variant is listed in the current catalogue.

Applications

  • natural-look packaging
  • decoration
  • light horticultural uses after qualification

Limitations

  • food contact without documentation
  • oven or smoking use
  • wicks
  • direct flame
  • precision wet applications

No standard catalogue variant. Availability and manufacturing feasibility are assessed individually.

Full properties and application conditions
Heat behaviour
Temperature test required
Flame
Does not melt; chars and may burn
Melting
no thermoplastic melting point
Degradation and charring
multi-stage degradation depends on hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and fibre treatment
Moisture uptake
Very high
Wet strength
May decrease
Oven and smoking use
No
Candle wick
No
Electrical properties
A hygroscopic material; moisture changes electrical behaviour. It is not a certified electrical insulator.

Conditions and warnings

  • Chemical treatment materially changes thermal and moisture behaviour.
Source data and research

These data describe the material, not a finished cord. Publication titles remain in their original language.

Multi-stage, treatment-dependent degradation

Jute loses moisture first and then degrades in stages associated with hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Chemical treatment materially changes the observed pathway.

Material screening only. The study does not define a finished-cord service temperature.

Literature data · Source verified

Effect of Chemical Treatment on Thermal Properties of Jute Fiber Used in Polymer CompositesBangladesh University of Engineering and Technology and collaborators

Cellulosic response to flame

Jute is lignocellulosic: it does not thermoplastically melt, but it can char and burn. It is not inherently fire resistant.

Hazard communication only; not a classification of a Malkop product.

Literature data · Source verified

Fire Investigation HandbookNational Institute of Standards and Technology
Nylon referenceSynthetic fibreReference material

A reference polyamide family. Nylon 6 and nylon 6.6 differ, so the exact polymer grade must be identified.

Moisture uptake
Medium
Melting
Melts
Heat
Temperature test required

Reference entry; no standard Malkop variant is listed in the current catalogue.

Applications

  • abrasion-resistant technical uses after confirming the exact polyamide grade
  • wet environments after variant testing

Limitations

  • oven or smoking use
  • wicks
  • direct flame
  • selection without polymer identification

No standard catalogue variant. Availability and manufacturing feasibility are assessed individually.

Full properties and application conditions
Heat behaviour
Temperature test required
Flame
Melts and may drip
Melting
the polyamide grade must be known; nylon 6 and nylon 6.6 have different melting temperatures
Degradation and charring
thermoplastic material; may shrink, melt and burn
Moisture uptake
Medium
Wet strength
Generally stable; confirm the variant
Oven and smoking use
No
Candle wick
No
Electrical properties
Polyamides absorb moisture, which changes dielectric behaviour. The finished product is not a certified electrical insulator.

Conditions and warnings

  • Nylon 6 and nylon 6.6 must not be treated as one material with one melting temperature.
Source data and research

These data describe the material, not a finished cord. Publication titles remain in their original language.

Polyamide-grade-dependent melting

Nylon is a material family. The cited hot-stage guide gives approximate melting points of 213 C for nylon 6 and 250 C for nylon 6,6, demonstrating why the exact grade must be identified.

Material identification only. These values are not finished-product service-temperature limits.

Literature data · Source verified

Forensic Fiber Examination Training ProgramNational Institute of Standards and Technology

Formulation-dependent combustion behaviour

Thermophysical, ignition and combustion behaviour varies across nylon formulations. A generic nylon label does not support one flame or temperature claim.

Hazard screening only; not a fire classification or an approval for direct-flame use.

Literature data · Source verified

Nylons: A Review of the Literature on Products of Combustion and ToxicityNational Bureau of Standards